The beginnings of polyphony and eighteenth-century music The beginnings of polyphony and eighteenth-century music The eleventh century is of crucial importance in the history of the West. The 1000- -1100 d. C. witnessed a revival of economic life throughout the Western Europe, an increase in population, the clearing of uncultivated lands and Birth of modern cities; The conquest of England by the Normans, some Important steps towards the reconquest of Spain from the Muslims, the first crusade A cultural resurgence, with the first translations of Greek and Arabic, The beginnings of universities and scholastic philosophy and the diffusion of architecture Romanesque style. The cultural independence of the West has been marked by the Of literature in the vernacular and found its symbol in the schism Between the churches of the West and the East in 1054. The eleventh century was no less crucial to the history of music. In those years, Certain changes which, when ...
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